Septic Tank Design And Function

A conventional septic system is typically installed at a single family home or small business.

Septic tank design and function.

Septic tank systems are a type of simple onsite sewage facility ossf. Septic tank to catch solids and treatment area to dispose of liquid waste effluent slower percolation rates due to poorly draining soil with clay bedrock high ground water proximity to a creek or other complications require larger treatment areas. The septic tank digests organic matter and separates floatable matter e g oils and grease and solids from the wastewater. This system uses two 55 us gal 210 l drums as opposed to the 1 000 2 000 us gal 3 800 7 600 l tanks used for a standard home septic system.

By protecting the drain field from the floating layer of debris in the tank the baffles perform a vital function in the septic system. Soil based systems discharge the liquid known as effluent from the septic tank into a series of perforated pipes buried in a leach field chambers or other special units designed to slowly release the effluent into. The gravel stone drainfield is a design that has existed for decades. The name refers to the construction of the drainfield.

The size of the septic tank is so designed that the sewage is retained in the tank for 24hrs during which certain biological decomposition by the action of anaerobic bacteria takes place which liquefies and breaks the night soil leaving small quantity of soil which is known as sludge and settles at the bottom of the tank and clear water known. Settling and anaerobic processes reduce solids and organics but the treatment efficiency is only moderate referred to as primary treatment. Septic tank design a septic tank is basically a large water storage tank. The first chamber should be at least half of the total length in case of more than two chambers and a length of 2 3 of the total length should be considered when there is only two.

The heavier solids sink to the bottom forming the sludge layer the lighter solids fats oils grease etc rise to the surface and form the scum layer. The tank is much smaller than required and the design is missing some important items such as internal baffles and a qualified site assessment. First it acts as a holding tank and allows the solids to settle out. With this design effluent is piped from the septic tank to a shallow underground trench of stone or gravel.

Every septic system except the cesspool has two distinct components.